Important

The WHAT'S NEW! page contains the latest medical updates. If you're wondering how I'm going as far as health is concerned, this is the place to start. Latest: Wed 27 Nov 2013. 7.20AM

Friday, March 16, 2012

Four bob well spent (1)


As I've said before, in the early days, we would sell only cream to the butter factory. That was before they got on to the idea (a bit slowly, I reckon) that producing whole milk and selling it in bottles to the townies was a licence to print pound notes. The milkmen who sold whole milk to people with billies in hand would have to adapt to delivering pint bottles.

We didn't have a car then and Dad used to put the few cans of our hard-won pure cream into the back of the sulkey, hitch up the half-draught horse and trot down to the depot with it. It took a while, even though it was only a couple of miles at most, so he usually did it alone, even stopping on rare occasions to have a beer before the trip back.

Occasionally though, I'd jump in the sulkey with him and go along for the ride. There was always a chance he might have a beer, in which case I'd score a lemonade in a seven ounce glass. And I always got to drive the sulkey up the final hill home. There's something about the sense of power slapping the reins on the old horse's back to make her move that you only get with driving a Formula 1 racing car.

I imagine so, anyway. I've never done the latter, but I'll bet the number of Formula 1 racing drivers who've driven a horse and sulkey are few and far between, so suck eggs, whoever.... Sebastian Vettel.... (Thanks, Google. The last Champion I could remember was Niki Lauda. And that was 1977.)

I wish I had a picture for you of the horse and sulkey ready to go, but you'd be surprised how few iPhones there were around in the 1950s to take a quick snap. All we had was the Box Brownie. Everyone had one.

In a way, you know, in order to frame your shot, a Box Brownie had something a bit like an LCD screen, but about the size of a postage stamp. You'd peer down at this tiny image of what you were aiming at and hit the button, and hope for the best. More often than not, you got a good shot of your subject's decapitated body and a broad expanse of grass in front, all in glorious black and white.

You weren't too free with your shots though, because they weren't free. A roll of film had to go off to town to the chemist's, you'd wait about a week, and back your expensive shots would come. Often terrible.


Anyway, I don't have a picture of our horse and sulkey on the starting grid. I do have one of half the sulkey you can see indistinctly in the background, a milk bucket tastefully placed in front of the wheel for effect, three gorgeous kids carefully posed on the steps of our mansion, and all four of the dog's legs thoughtfully captured on the steps at the top of the picture, to provide aesthetic balance.

That could be an award-winning shot, really. Pity about the crooked grin and the shifty eyes of the brat in the middle....

Dad and I had barely got to the depot when one of those idiotic little Chihuahua-type mutts that our cattledogs would have eviscerated with one snap of the jaws came racing out of Mylne's yard, yapping furiously and trying desperately hard to get trampled to death under the horse's hooves, each of which were as big as the 'dog' itself.

I'm sorry if you have a dear little Chow or a Pomeranian, but when you've lived with cattledogs that aren't afraid of going for a wild boar, you don't credit toy yappie things with the 'dog' title.

Come to think of it though, going for a draught horse when the attacker's the size of an egg carton is kind of brave.... No, let's be realistic. It was just plain bloody stupid.

But the Chi Pom-pom upset old Junie greatly. Maybe she thought it was a gigantic March Fly. Though Junie hadn't lifted her hooves more than six inches off the ground even one at a time in the previous eight years or so, she snorted and reared and whinnied like those stallions in the old movies do – the ones they hit with a high voltage cattle prod for the sake of the movie action.

You didn't know that? Then you haven't the foggiest what they put horses through in movies to get the effect they want.

They should have had the cameras on Junie. At the very least it would win an award on Funniest Home Videos, a show the only purpose of which is to demonstrate how many different ways candidates for the Darwin Awards try to fulfill their death wish by hurting themselves (often very unoriginally, I might add. At least this thing that was a cross between some genetic mutation from Mexico and an equally freakish Chinese masterpiece of inbreeding had the virtue of novelty for its desired manner of death.)

Junie reared and screwed round in the shafts of the sulkey. The idiot dog-like thing took off, totally unharmed but protesting volubly, as if its freedom of speech, both Mayan and Cantonese, had been grossly violated. Still miraculously all in one misbegotten piece, it disappeared under the stock shed at the back of the store.

Uninjured was more than what I can say for the sulkey. There was a distinct snapping sound as Junie reared, followed by a splintering groan of one of the shafts. Junie suffered no injury, I hasten to add. But our noble chariot now looked a bit sad.

I've a feeling you have never tried to drive a sulkey without its full complement of shafts. Neither had we. It almost certainly doesn't work, unless you want to go round in circles infinitely, and few people do want to, however much they succeed in other ways to master that skill.

You don't usually need to pack a toolbox in a sulkey as you would in a car, so Dad faced a dilemma. How, with no tools, do you patch up a broken sulkey shaft?

It was solved when old Cam Lowes came along in his Ford ute. He had a brace and bit for drilling holes in timber, and No 8 wire.

Everybody in the country always carried a length of No 8 wire in the back of their truck. They probably still do. It's a well-known fact that there wasn't a thing that couldn't be fixed, on a temporary basis at least, with that sturdy gauged wire, though it was an utter bitch to bend without a good pair of fencing pliers. Even then you had to use every ounce of strength you had in your best arm.

Cam was a farmer and good handyman. He had connected the pipes for us from the windmill up to the dairy, thus giving us the incalculable blessing of as much water as we needed at the cowshed, instead of years having to bucket it from the Old Kitchen in dry weather. The latter had increased all our muscular girths by a considerable amount, but it was surely a tedious task.

He took one look at the problem, figured out a solution and within half and hour the shaft was firmly secured. It wasn't pretty, but it would easily get us home.

In fact it stayed like that and kept the sulkey in service for several days until Dad got a splint made out of angle iron for the shaft, and it was all neatly bolted in place.

Dad, of course, made a gesture of payment to Cam. All he had was four shillings in his pocket.

'Here, take this.'

'No, don't be bloody silly now – it was nothing.'

'Take it anyway,' said Dad, throwing it into Cam's battered old toolbox. 'Have a beer.'

Cam carefully picked the two two-shilling pieces out of the box.

'Here, lad.' He put them in my hand, knowing my father would never take them back personally from him. 'You take these, and you do something good with them.'

I was only seven or so, and didn't have the grace or experience to refuse. Besides, it was a fortune to me, and you don't look a gift horse in the mouth, do you? In this case, the gift horse was Junie, standing there rather sullenly all ready to go, probably thinking she'd escaped dragging us home when she was unharnessed for the sulkey repairs.

In fact, the whole ritual was bound to end in some way like this. Dad would have offered something, Cam would never have accepted it, and it would have ended up in my pocket anyway. Luckily for me, it was four whole shillings.

But what would I do with it? Something good.... yes, I knew exactly what I was going to do with it, and I could hardly wait to take my fortune to Gladstone the next Saturday, and do this good thing.

You know, come to think of it, yappy little doggies do have their place in the order of the universe, don't they? Without that particular one, I would never have got the chance at fulfilling a dream I had nurtured for many moons in my bosom manly seven-year-old chest.

And you're going to have to wait, because I've just had a follow-up cursed seizure, less than 24 hours after what I hoped was the main event for the month. Permission to swear volubly.

Tuesday, March 13, 2012

Amaze-ing people


On the last day of February, I mentioned in my blog that Alice was swimming across Port Phillip Bay (hang on, it's a relay, so she didn't swim all of the Bay!) to help raise money for Amaze, the organisation that helps deal with autism.

She had a great time with the swim, failed to get eaten by a shark, and they raised money. As mentioned in the original posting, she came in only at the last minute to fill a gap in the team.

They came third on the clock, but I'm not sure in terms of the amount of money raised. But there's one guy in the team (Pablo) who must be good at that part!


Thanks to all who helped. I know that included some of the Twitter community.

Alice (with medallion)

Sunday, March 11, 2012

A man for all tongues (3) FINAL


Now to the final part of my saga, the point where I intended to start. What reminded me of Alan in the first place, after talking generally about word meaning changes, were these lines of a poem I happened to be reading from a fascinating collection of newly-available old Serbian verse and tales:
  So the warriors were prepared for battle,
  And the Turkish hosts approach Kossova.
  The word that matters here is "host".

  In one of his lectures, Alan Treloar made a rare aside and picked up this word, transliterating it through a series of languages I can't remember (I think through the Cyrillic script languages - Russian, Serbian and all that); one to the next. Rather like the old game of Chinese Whispers, he traced its variations through to modern English, yielding its meaning as an enemy, as in the Serbian poem above.

  Then he started in the same place in time and geographically, and traced this same word in a westerly direction through to Greek-Aryan-Germanic to English, and so we acquired one word with two opposite meanings; host as in enemy, and host as in friend; those who look after you when you come to their house.

  Hey, what about that? Not two words accidentally the same, but the same word, transformed. In fact, through the Arab world, you can go to your "host" - your enemy, and he must offer you food and protection according to that custom. He is your host in both senses of the word simultaneously!

  "Hostage" is similar. It was common in many cultures to give an enemy a daughter in marriage, or have a son live in an enemy court, to show good faith. Same derivation. Sadly, hostages these days are rarely given the privileges of the hostages of more ancient custom.

  A book came out recently on gutenberg.org, dated 1892. It's entitled Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval History. This book itself has a fascinating history... but stick to the point, Wright! OK?

  The point is the spelling of "Villain". These days we have a meaning for that word which is "low scum". Someone who would stoop to any meanness and, well... villainy!

  But Vinogradoff, the eminent Russian scholar who dared to lecture the English about English serfdom, was talking of people who worked the land but didn't own it; not wicked people, but "low". Simply because of class notions, "villain" acquired its modern meaning - a reprobate you wouldn't associate with for quids.

  Historians since tried to get around this abuse of the poor landless peasant, the serf, by spelling it "villein." That's the way we spelt it at high school, so our Pythonesque Holy Grail characters slopping about in the roadside mud being scorned by knights of the realm could acquire a bit more dignity.

  All this started with my finding the word "slut" in a nursery rhyme! I had a couple of other words with an interesting etymology, but why do that when googling "etymology" would tell that story so much better? All I'm doing is to connect my thoughts via a truly amazing genius I had the great good fortune to know personally.

✺     ✺     ✺

  I asked Alan to come back every year to lecture my Indian history students for as long as that was possible. I sat at the back of the theatre enjoying it more and more every time, taking in fresh insights I hadn't the nous to pick up earlier. 

  Sometimes it was the same lecture, because nothing in the research on that topic had changed. At others, fresh pages of neatly written script pointed to subtle or tectonic shifts in the philological research on a topic.

  Some students loved it, especially the Distance Education students up in Armidale for Residential Schools. They were generally older than the Internals and realised they were getting a totally unexpected treat.

  Others, sadly for them, thought it all a gigantic waste of their time. So be it.
✺     ✺     ✺

  I have one final story to share with you concerning Alan Treloar; one that deserves its own piece because of the extraordinary man it brings into the story, but I'll try to reduce it to a virtual footnote and move away. Just be aware that I do not use the word "extraordinary" lightly.

Nitya
  His name is Nitya Chaitanya Yati.  He died in 1999.

  In the late 1970s, this man, who had nine million dedicated followers around the world, came to Armidale. That's yet another story, but suffice it to say now that he met me at the university and he came to my house for one or two meals. Once, he cooked, in my kitchen, a beautiful South Indian vegetarian meal for us - a party of about ten. Focus, focus! This isn't about food....

  Scientist, philosopher, poet, writer. I wrote for his journal about mysticism, and have his books still. He was the most intelligent, serene man I ever knew.

  One evening, I told him about Alan Treloar and that he was lecturing to my students the following day, and he expressed a desire to go to the lecture. Alan was fine with this. He read his lecture to the class in the same manner as always. I think the lecture was on the major Vedic texts and how they influenced Indian society from top to bottom.

  Nitya sat with me and listened with complete absorption. At the end of it, he quietly congratulated Alan on its quality and they spoke for a little time;  two great minds needing to exchange only a few words, as great minds do.

  To me, Nitya quietly said as we left the lecture theatre:

  "That is the second time only I have ever heard a lecture by a Sanskrit scholar who is not an Indian deliver a flawless lecture on Sanskrit and its society."

  Whoever the other one was, some scholar at the University of Hawaii whose name I can't recall, must have been awfully good. And Sanskrit, I say again, was a sideshow for Alan.

  Sometimes I wish I'd told Alan about that, but... you know what? I don't think it mattered in the least.

Source

Background | 1 | 2 | 3

Thursday, March 8, 2012

A man for all tongues (2)



Before I go on, I want to make one thing clear. Sanskrit, unquestionably one of the most difficult languages in the world to learn well, was merely an academic sideshow for Alan Treloar to his most ingenious philological research. His real focus for many years was on the area that used to be known as the Near East, with languages such as Hittite, Akkadian, Sumerian, Ugaritic and Eblaite included in his specialties (if indeed he had any one over the other.) It's almost a case of 'Pick any language north of the Equator, ancient or modern,' and he had proficiency in it, Old Icelandic included. And of course, that included the written script.

  For the lectures he gave my students on Vedic India, he had read the available literature from the original sources. He had no need of secondary ones.

  As I approached the lectern on the first day, I noticed he was holding twenty or thirty pages of quarto lined paper, closely written in a very even hand. I can still see that writing vividly now and could pick out his style from amongst any number. There was not a crossing out or an addition in the margin; I can't even remember if there was a margin down the side. I don't think so. He didn't believe in wasted space.

  The fairy-story part of the tale at this point would be that he held the entire room spellbound as he delivered his first lecture.

  This was not the case. He picked up the sheaf of quarto leaves and began to read, in his deliberate, measured style of speaking. The structure of the sentences was such that the paper could have been typed out and published verbatim in a learned journal. But this wasn't a style of lecture most of the students were used to. Nor would it have pleased the ABC's venerable Aleisha Bonfield, who had hammered script-writing techniques into me a few years before.

  In my lectures, I had made it easy for them, even though I didn't use the blackboard much. When I did, it was mainly to write Sanskrit terms. I would underline important words or phrases verbally as the lecture went on, so they could jot down key points rather than write too much and not take in what I was saying.

  Alan had in effect prepared a lecture more like a military briefing; something I daresay as a senior Intelligence officer during World War 2 he would have done many times.  Every word was exact in its meaning and there was no wasted phrase in any sentence. Every paragraph was a package of orderly, detailed information. Each page was a literary gem.

  Like maybe twenty percent of the class, I was delighted by the depth of the information he was giving us, and his clarity of thought and insight. I had had the good fortune to be fairly well acquainted with this subject matter for several years as a tutor in Asian Civilisations at the University of Queensland, via a mixture of primary sources in translation, and commentary by the likes of de Bary, Max Müller and Moriz Winternitz. I'd had the benefit of evenings of discussions with Devahuti and Damodar, and Sanskritist-historian Sarva Daman Singh, but it was all new to these first year students. This was being thrown into the deep end, sink or swim.

  I reckon as the lecture progressed I could probably have graded that class of students by their reactions. At the very least, I could have classified their intelligence and attention span. Fifty minutes of solid concentration was beyond most of them. Some who had started writing notes at the beginning and who were used to the verbal underlinings and asides in my lectures just gave up. It was all too hard. Everything was important! But at least giving up writing gave them the chance to listen, and some benefited from that. Maybe. I hope so.

  The weakest students found it all too much. Who was this bloke in the gown reading one page after another in this measured tone, going on and on about things that were too hard to understand? Why spend time reading a hymn sung by the brahmins to frogs?

  In the lectures he gave that followed, the anti-frog brigade dropped out.

  I was glad about that. It was no use their being there, shuffling in their uncomfortable seats, resentful and bored. They'd come back when Mr Slightly-More-Entertaining delivered lectures on ... other things. Not frogs.*

  The fact was that my students were getting the standard of lecture Alan would have given to any audience in any place anywhere in the world where he could safely assume that his listeners were intelligent, but not necessarily well informed. I did not care that there were people in my class not up to it. The best of my students were getting an experience they could expect to have in a lecture hall at Cambridge or Oxford, and that was what really mattered.

  Not that it was all dead serious. Alan had an impish, if dry sense of humour, the punchline delivered in the same way as other lecture information was, and this added an element of surprise and colour. In his lecture on the Sanskrit epic, the Ramayana, his long military experience came into play when speaking of Lakshman(a), devoted younger brother of the hero, Rama.

  "Lakshman exhibited all the characteristics of a Grenadier Guard," he said with a straight face not quite concealing a glint in his eye, "he was very brave and very loyal - but not very bright."

  In one short sentence he had encapsulated something that was central to a very complicated plot. The good ones would get it.

  At the end of each lecture, there was often a student who would come up to him and tell him how much they appreciated the lecture, and ask him a question or two. I always remember how he would step down from the lecture dais when he spoke to students, his head slightly to one side, taking in the question carefully, and invariably treating the student with respect and courtesy. His reply would be very direct, clear, and exactly to the point.

  Alas, my story has run away from me once more, or is at best barely on the leash. My feet are frozen with the change of weather, and it seems an excellent time for me to sleep for a while. Next time, I swear, I will come to the particular point I started with, but I've no regrets leading you down this path. Some people deserve more public recognition than is often given to a man with a crazy job like a comparative philologist and war hero, and no-one can stop me! 

  (*Oh, and do you want to know why the frogs poem? I'll tell you if you like....)
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Full Story

Background | 1 | 2 | 3

A man for all tongues (1)



In an earlier piece, I rabbited on about how the meaning of words has changed over time; notably, because of its appearance in a nursery rhyme, the ugly word 'slut'.

  I haven't quite finished with words, because this subject reminded me of a wonderful demonstration of how word meaning changes; a lesson given to me by one of the most remarkable people I have ever encountered in academic life.

  Officially, he was a comparative philologist, but he was much more.

  If you don't know what a philologist is, here's a short definition. A comparative philologist does even more challenging things, but one thing they're really good at is showing exactly where and how word meanings are changed by circumstances, place and time.


  At least, if they're anything like Alan Treloar, they're brilliant, but he was one of a very rare kind. I'd put him in the unique category.

  When I began teaching at the University of New England, appointed as the new Lecturer in the History of South Asian Civilisation, the Head of the History Department (my boss), was Professor Arasaratnam.

  "Alan Treloar used to give some lectures for me when I was covering your course," Arasa said. "I'm sure he would do it for you too."

Alan Treloar
  At the time, I confess to not knowing much about Alan at all, but I was aware that he was regarded as an authority on Sanskrit, the ancient Indian language that scholars of Indian origin are best placed to speak and study.

  I was not a scholar of Sanskrit. Far from it. But it seemed like a good idea to me to take advantage of the expertise, were it on offer, of someone who was. I walked along the corridor and knocked on the door of his very modest study in the Classics and Ancient History Department, introduced myself briefly, and put Arasa's suggestion to him.

  "I'm happy to do that,' he said in his quiet measured tone, "on what subjects would you prefer me to speak?"

  "Ah."

  What subjects would I prefer? I wasn't sure, but didn't want to look too much like a dummy.

  "Well.... it's cultural history rather than language, but if you could talk about Vedic literature, particularly the Epics, and the life of the Vedic Indian.... Indo-Aryan culture.... Oh - and the Upanishadic era?"

  "Yes," he said without the least hesitation. "Tell me how many lectures altogether that you would like. When do you want me to begin?"

  How many would I like? What say the whole term? No, I couldn't ask that much, even though it would have been wonderful - for me at least - to sit at the back of the class and learn from the Master. He was, as I was quickly to discover, a true scholar in the traditional sense; a sense that has been lost almost entirely in many universities today. He would have given a dozen lectures without blinking an eyelid, had I been so presumptuous as to ask that of him.

  But of course I wouldn't. I had other fascinating topics in Indian history and culture to talk about, and more than 2000 years of history to cover.

  We settled on six lectures, which was a task well beyond the call of duty. I had just completed my lectures on the proto-historic Harappan Civilisation, so the next week was a perfect time to start.

  Came the day of his first lecture, and he was there when I walked in, at 11.07 am. Morning lectures began at ten minutes past the hour and finished on the hour ahead; fifty minutes in all. His precision came as no surprise, but it was not punctiliousness. He simply left the appropriate minute or two's leeway.

  His dress was unexpected to the students as well as myself, though it wouldn't have been any shock for me had I known him better. This was the mid 1970s, and informality was the order of the day.

  Over his crisp white shirt and discreetly patterned tie, his tweed jacket, and tailored trousers, he wore a simple black academic gown. An Oxford cap, the legacy of his time as Rhodes Scholar at New College, Oxford, lay on the lecture bench in front of him.

  No-one ever wore academic gowns to a lecture in the 1970s, except on the most formal of occasions. I introduced him to the class with practically no ceremony, and he began the lecture.

  But here I must pause, because my account, which was intended to have a brief paragraph on Alan Treloar and his tracing of just one word through a variety of related languages has decided to tell itself instead, and I can't think of a good reason to stop it.

  As it is, I'm going to have to cut it short, and leave out things I know to be true of his role in World War 2, which his official pledge to secrecy will probably leave untold for all time. Let me finish for now with this:
Colonel Alan Treloar ... went on to serve with the 2/14 Battalion in 1940-44, with overseas service first in the Syrian campaign, where he was seriously wounded, and later in Papua on the Kokoda Track.... then moved to the army's intelligence corps.

Background | 1 | 2 | 3

Monday, March 5, 2012

Wright's Gutenblog


Why am I bothering? Any of you who chance upon this page may well wonder.

Why? I'm not sure, except to show you what insights a few excerpts from one day in the life of Gutenberg.org may reveal.

Every one of these comes from just one day's new releases - in this case, 3 March 2012. Each choice has a purpose, but I'll leave you to ponder that, with minimal comment from me.

I realise that few will look at these short excerpts. But, to quote one of the greatest personages of history, "there will be some who understand." 


[NOTE: I now have a dedicated section of the blog for Gutenberg snippets. Please have a glance through them. There is a link to them permanently on the right hand navigation section, called The Joys of Gutenberg.]


                             


Dealing with the expert!
1.
Our Journey to the Hebrides (1890)
by Elizabeth Robins Pennell and Joseph Pennell 

Excerpt:

Dr. Johnson says that "to describe a city so much frequented as GLASGOW is unnecessary," and again we are willing to take his word for it. But its Cathedral was the first of the many surprises Scotland had in store for us. We had heard of it, but that was all. One young lady of Glasgow, fresh from a tour on the Continent, told us that she had never seen it. We were therefore prepared to find it no great thing. The exterior did not disappoint our expectations, but we have seldom been more impressed with an interior, and this though we had just come from the loveliest churches of England.

The crypt, or rather the under church, is its pride, as indeed it well may be. A verger stood smoking a pipe at the south door, and we told him what we thought. J-----, after three years' work in the English cathedrals, felt himself no mean authority.

"It's the finest in the world," said the verger.

"In Great Britain perhaps, but not in Europe," said J-----; for we had been but a moment before comparing it, as it now is, a cold, bare, show-place, to the under church of Assisi with the frescos on the walls, the old lamps burning before altars, the sweet smell of incense, and the monks kneeling in prayer.

"I only tell you what those qualified have said," and the verger settled the matter and J-----'s pretensions.



                         

No comment necessary!
2.
Ladies in the Field: Sketches of Sport (1894)
by Beatrice Violet Graham Greville

Contents and Excerpt:





                       




The first stanza of this brings to mind the movie Like Water for Chocolate! The clever use of broken English gives authenticity.
3.
Servian Popular Poetry (1827)
by John Bowring

Excerpt:

And the maiden look around the circle
And within her sad heart sighing deeply,
Once again she ask the marriage-leader:
"Who is he upon that white horse seated,
He who bears so high aloft the banner,
On whose chin that sable beard is growing?
And the leader answers thus the maiden:
"He‚ the hero Suko of Urbinia;
He who for thee with thy brother struggled,
Struggled well indeed, but could not win thee.
When the lovely maiden heard the leader,
On the black, black earth, anon she fainted:
All to raise her, hastening, gather round her,
And the last of all came Mustaph Aga;
None could lift her from the ground, till Suko
Sticks into the earth his waving banner,
Stretches out his right hand to the maiden.
See her, see her! from the ground upspringing,
Swift she vaults upon his steed behind him;
Rapidly he guides the courser onwards,
Swift they speed across the open desert,
Swift as ever star across the heavens.






                         


Europe in political as well as military turmoil during and at the end of World War 1. The battle lines between Communists, Anarchists, Social Democrats and the Right Wing reactionaries is played out, as this episode illustrates.
4.
The Future Belongs to the People (1918)
by Karl Paul August Friedrich Liebknecht

LIEBKNECHT'S TRIAL AND RELEASE

On June 28th, 1916, Karl Liebknecht was sentenced at secret trial to thirty months' penal servitude. When the public prosecutor asked for this secrecy, Liebknecht exclaimed:

"It is cowardice on your part, gentlemen. Yes, I repeat, that you are cowards if you close these doors."

Nevertheless, the court decided to exclude the public, upon which Liebknecht cried to his wife and Rosa Luxemburg, in the audience, "Leave this comedy, where everything, including even the decision, has been prepared beforehand."

Following the announcement of the sentence given Liebknecht, the Potsdamerplatz in Berlin was the scene of a serious outbreak.

The next day (according to reports from Switzerland) strikes of protest against the Liebknecht case took place in Berlin and some 55,000 persons were involved in them. In other cities strikes and demonstrations of protest also took place.

An appeal was taken but resulted only in an increase in the sentence to four years' and one month's imprisonment at hard labor. Furthermore, he was deprived of all his civil rights for a period of six years after he should have served his term.

[Associated Press Dispatch]

PARIS, October 25. - An enormous crowd assembled before the Reichstag building in Berlin yesterday, calling for the abdication of Emperor William and the formation of a republic, according to a special dispatch from Zurich to L'Information.

Dr. Karl Liebknecht, the Socialist leader who has just been released from prison, was applauded frantically. He was compelled to enter a carriage filled with flowers from which he made a speech declaring that the time of the people had arrived.



                         


Interesting to see what was being taught then in Bible Studies in the US, and the methods. There is some keenness to link religion and science. Have things changed?
5.
The Dramatization of Bible Stories  (1918)
by Elizabeth Erwin Miller Lobingier

Illustration:
"Shepherd"
 


                       


In the wake of the American Civil War, the fate of African Americans had to be decided. A lot of Gutenberg literature released recently centres on this traumatic period of US history.
6.
Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman, Complete (1885)
by William T. Sherman

Excerpt:

HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, January 16, 1865.

1. The islands from Charleston south, the abandoned rice-fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. John's River, Florida, are reserved and set apart for the settlement of the negroes now made free by the acts of war and the proclamation of the President of the United States.

2. At Beaufort, Hilton Head, Savannah, Fernandina, St. Augustine, and Jacksonville, the blacks may remain in their chosen or accustomed vocations; but on the islands, and in the settlements hereafter to be established, no white person whatever, unless military officers and soldiers detailed for duty, will be permitted to reside; and the sole and exclusive management of affairs will be left to the freed people themselves, subject only to the United States military authority, and the acts of Congress. By the laws of war, and orders of the President of the United States, the negro is free, and must be dealt with as such. He cannot be subjected to conscription, or forced military service, save by the written orders of the highest military authority of the department, under such regulations as the President or Congress may prescribe. Domestic servants, blacksmiths, carpenters, and other mechanics, will be free to select their own work and residence, but the young and able-bodied negroes must be encouraged to enlist as soldiery in the service of the United States, to contribute their share toward maintaining their own freedom, and securing their rights as citizens of the United States.



                       


The Native Americans were also locked in a fierce struggle for their lives and livelihood in the mid-1850s. Tales abound of the battles and skirmishes that took place. We are reminded that the US Army doesn't hesitate to engage their opponents (terrorists, no doubt, in today's parlance), across national borders.
7.
Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army, Complete (1888) 

"Death of a Drummer Boy"

About mid-winter a party of hostile Lipans made a swoop around and skirting the garrison, killing a herder - a discharged drummer-boy - in sight of the flag-staff. Of course great excitement followed. Captain J. G. Walker, of the Mounted Rifles, immediately started with his company in pursuit of the Indians, and I was directed to accompany the command. 

Not far away we found the body of the boy filled with arrows, and near him the body of a fine looking young Indian, whom the lad had undoubtedly killed before he was himself overpowered. We were not a great distance behind the Indians when the boy's body was discovered, and having good trailers we gained on them rapidly, with the prospect of overhauling them, but as soon as they found we were getting near they headed for the Rio Grande, made the crossing to the opposite bank, and were in Mexico before we could overtake them. 

When on the other side of the boundary they grew very brave, daring us to come over to fight them, well aware all the time that the international line prevented us from continuing the pursuit. So we had to return to the post without reward for our exertion except the consciousness of having made the best effort we could to catch the murderers. That night, in company with Lieutenant Thomas G. Williams, I crossed over the river to the Mexican village of Piedras Negras, and on going to a house where a large baille, or dance, was going on we found among those present two of the Indians we had been chasing. 

As soon as they saw us they strung their bows for a fight, and we drew our six-shooters, but the Mexicans quickly closed in around the Indians and forced them out of the house - or rude jackal - where the "ball" was being held, and they escaped. We learned later something about the nature of the fight the drummer had made, and that his death had cost them dear, for, in addition to the Indian killed and lying by his side, he had mortally wounded another and seriously wounded a third, with the three shots that he had fired.



                       



Making the best of things. The final sentence which has become a mantra for all subsequent US Governments, is ominous if not totally prophetic.
8.
Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Complete (1885)
by Ulysses S. Grant
It is probably well that we had the war when we did. We are better off now than we would have been without it, and have made more rapid progress than we otherwise should have made. The civilized nations of Europe have been stimulated into unusual activity, so that commerce, trade, travel, and thorough acquaintance among people of different nationalities, has become common; whereas, before, it was but the few who had ever had the privilege of going beyond the limits of their own country or who knew anything about other people. Then, too, our republican institutions were regarded as experiments up to the breaking out of the rebellion, and monarchical Europe generally believed that our republic was a rope of sand that would part the moment the slightest strain was brought upon it. Now it has shown itself capable of dealing with one of the greatest wars that was ever made, and our people have proven themselves to be the most formidable in war of any nationality.



                       



Has anything changed? Really?
9.
The Great Conspiracy, Complete (1886)
by John Alexander Logan

"What next?" - you ask - "What next?" Alas, it is not difficult to predict! Power, lawlessly gained, is always mercilessly used. Power, usurped, is never tamely surrendered. The old French proverb, that "revolutions never go backward," is as true to-day, as when it was written. Already we see the signs of great preparations throughout the Solid South. Already we hear the shout of partisan hosts marshalled behind the leaders of the disarmed Rebellion, in order that the same old political organization which brought distress upon this Land shall again control the Government. Already the spirit of the former aggressiveness is defiantly bestirring itself. The old chieftains intend to take no more chances. They feel that their Great Conspiracy is now assured of success, inside the Union. They hesitate not to declare that the power once held by them, and temporarily lost, is regained. Like the Old Man of the Sea, they are now on top, and they:

MEAN TO KEEP THERE - IF THEY CAN.



                       


Sunday, March 4, 2012

A joyous murder


Adapted from Sources One and Two
Last Friday, a wondrous thing happened.

  Well, it was wonderful to me, though may seem not so significant except for the others involved, who understood why it meant so much to me and made it happen.

  I've mentioned many times the story of how we discovered I had a brain tumour. The important thing to today's story was that I had only barely started to cut down the runaway portion of the hedge at the side of the house when the events occurred leading up to finding myself in an ambulance on the way to hospital for emergency treatment.

  So the small group of large stems a metre above the remainder of the hedge remained uncut as we dealt with a much bigger pruning problem in my brain.

  In the months of treatment in Melbourne, friends from the ADMS* and elsewhere got in and had working bees on our garden to keep it in order. It's a middle-aged kind of garden, if you understand the analogy, and with a good growing season and no maintenance, can quickly get out of control. We were terribly grateful for this and the garden always looked neat and tidy even though we were away for those months.

  Only one section of the hedge remained in the too-hard basket: the part where I had begun the earnest task of solving it on 3 December 2009 and ended up in hospital.

  Tracey and Christian worked on the garden in the months that followed; months that stretched to years. We have had extraordinary succession of growing seasons; mild, wet seasons all round, and it was difficult to maintain the garden. But it got done, made easier at times by the intervention of friends.

  I am usually up first in the mornings. Each day I pull up the blind in the kitchen to let in the light. Most days have been quite grey, but there was always one constant in my view.

  That was that growing, expanding privet, gone now from bush to vigorous tree. Trees. And in that one spot before my eyes, expanding daily, like a cancer. Every morning it seemed, it had grown visibly larger.

  Ironically, privet is a Declared Noxious Weed in these here parts, which means if it is not controlled by the owner, the local council can take action and destroy it; for a considerable sum, no doubt. When it's in flower, it can be deadly for asthma sufferers and a constant source of irritation to those with allergies.

  Friends had gladly offered to remove it, but every time a privet removal party was arranged, it rained, or the arrangement broke down because life intervened, as it does.

  And so, to cut a privet-like story short, I was reminded daily of unpleasant events going on in my brain by the cancerous growth outside the window; my first view of the day, each and every day. For the most part, I kept these thoughts to myself. Knowing how I felt about it, Tracey had done everything she could to have the four metres of out of control hedge removed, but it just seemed doomed to failure.

  This became an obsession with me. I could do nothing about it myself. I had even tried, early on, but it ended inevitably in a seizure, and I was banned from any further attempts. 

  Each day looking out that window, I wanted it gone. Each day, it grew bigger.

  Finally, early last week, when our dear friend Julie was here on one of her all-too-rare visits - rare only because she fears too much that she might intrude - I (or was it Tracey?) blurted out to her my daily reaction to the privet bushes (trees) in total view out the kitchen window, and their effect on me.

  Julie went away. Shortly after, we got an email. She and Michael and our other good friends Joan and Carl would come on Friday, and deal with the monster. Michael, armed with chainsaw, and Carl, with trailer, Christian, who had put off a long-awaited camping trip due to begin on that day in order to take part, Julie, Joan and Tracey would make it disappear. It would only take an hour, said Julie. Ho ho, I thought.

  It was sunny and warm on the day, and the working bee arrived, fully armed and ready for action. There were a few things about those four metres of hedge that they didn't know, but were about to find out.

  For one thing, the privet was full of thorny climbing rose and other tough-stemmed vines, and there was also a wire trellis hidden from view deep within; not something to discuss with a chainsaw, for in spite of all those great chainsaw massacre movies you might have seen, all sixty teeth on a chain can be blunted or wrecked in less than a second by wire in a hedge.

  And that wasn't all. There was a fence to fix afterwards. Not one, but three trips to the recycling depot. 15 minutes there, 15 back, and 15 to unload, times three.  Not quite the one hour, Julie. I knew that was a bit optimistic! It would take an entire morning, with six people hard at work on an unusually hot day for Armidale.

  But, my friends and rellies, it's gloriously gone. I look out the window this morning in the sunshine, and ... well, to be truthful, the neighbour's garage, not in great repair, and the side wall of their house are in some ways less attractive to look at than a large green tree, with the last of its illegal privet blossoms. But there's far more light streaming in.

  And it's gone! That burgeoning cancerous mass of luxuriant growth has been erased from the order of the rest of the hedge.

  Now, thanks to the Friday Working Beavers, I feel I can focus on that other one for the first time.

  I can't thank you enough, dear folks. One blight has been removed from our lives.

 *ADMS stands for the Armidale Drama and Musical Society, of which I am a Life Member. Various members and other friends and relatives helped us hugely when it came to such things, as well as raising the money to pay for Avastin which has helped so much to keep me alive so far.

I wrote 'ADMS' in lower case when drafting this posting. Curious, I wondered what the spelling-checker would make of the 'word' and what it might suggest. This was the result!

Friday, March 2, 2012

Classics for February, Gutenberg


These are the 'classics' released by Gutenberg in the month of February 2012 (I use the word 'classic' fairly loosely.)

In this batch, a swag of writings by Mark Twain. These are beautifully illustrated, hence my advice below.

I have also chosen some other writings in different categories that I think may appeal to the tastes of some. These I'll post shortly. There are some wonderful ones. I am still figuring out the best way to display them and not dominate the blog. I have an idea. It all takes time....

What to do:

1. Install Kindle Reader on your PC or Mac. That way you can choose the fully illustrated versions when the illustrations are important to the  pleasure of reading. You don't need to own a Kindle Reader. Calibre works just as well. Both are free.

2. Now click on any title below. It will take you to that title on Gutenberg's site.

3. Choose your desired format and download the book. (EPUB is the one for Calibre.)
.

4. Doubleclick on the downloaded file and it will take you from there.































[NOTE: I now have a dedicated section of the blog for Gutenberg snippets. Please have a glance through them. There is a link to them permanently on the right hand navigation section, called The Joys of Gutenberg.]